When I was an undergraduate English writing major with an eye on a journalism career, my father tried to talk me into picking up a minor in business every time I called home.
I ignored him. Every time. It didn’t matter how often he explained that understanding business was valuable or pointed out that if the journalism thing didn’t work out, I’d still be employable. My heart was set on being a reporter. Business sounded boring. Even, quite frankly, a little dirty.
Now I’m a journalism teacher, and even though I tell my students how the journalism industry is changing and how the “church and state” concept of separating the newsroom from the business side isn’t so strict anymore, I still don’t spend enough time on business.
That’s going to change. One weekend at MediaShift’s 5th Journalism School Hackathon at the University of North Texas made me realize what a disservice I’m doing to my students — and to journalism in general — by not exposing students more broadly to business principles.
For a day and a half in mid-October, we focused on the business of journalism at the Hackathon. Four-person student teams developed startup ideas for services, products or apps, and their focus was clear from their team names: Team Pingpong was sports-focused; Team Reflex Hammer meant health. Each team then got a revenue model, and students brainstormed, argued and created a business plan to pitch to judges Sunday afternoon. Faculty and professionals facilitated.
When I wasn’t facilitating, I was using information from the speakers and questions from the students to mentally redesign my classes. Here’s what we as journalism educators need to teach better:
Principles of Strategic Communications — Yes, PR
The two students I accompanied to the Hackathon zeroed in on this right away. They’re both journalism majors, and after the first day of the Hackathon, they discussed how little journalism they’d done in the previous 14 hours. “This was Gateway 3,” they agreed.
Gateway to Media 3 is a required class for all students in the University of Oregon’s School of Journalism and Communications that focuses on storytelling from a strategic communications perspective. The students work in teams. They get a client from the community. The classroom examples are advertising, marketing and messaging.
Most of the j-students hate it. They’re thinking as I did when I was in their seats: PR? That’s the dark side.
But it’s not that simple. At the very least, students need to understand branding themselves through their social media, professional websites and/or portfolios. That takes a strategic mindset that is related to journalistic storytelling, but different.
“There’s so much thought that goes into who you are appealing to,” said Maggie Vanoni, a University of Oregon junior who was part of Team Pingpong. “The brainstorming. How to advertise. How to get people to work for you. Where do you see yourself? Who’s the target audience? How do you see yourself growing? I loved seeing how those things work.”
How to Work on a Team
When I was a student, I hated group projects. Now that I’m a teacher, I don’t assign them. Like a lot of nerdy students who grew up and found a home in academia, I was the person who ended up doing all of the work, and I didn’t want to be responsible for inflicting that on another generation of students.
Plus, I’m a writer. And an introvert. When I create something, I lock the door and sit by myself.
Many of my journalist colleagues and friends are wired in a similar fashion, and I see this in j-students, too. The conference rooms in our building are filled with advertising and public relations students. The j-students are hiding in the corners or in another building or in the corner of a coffee shop.
Journalists value independence. That’s often a strength, but it sometimes blinds us to the ways we can work together, whether that’s collaborating across newsrooms or within newsrooms.
“I really appreciated the ways that the conference pushed us out of our comfort zones,” said Sierra Webster, a University of Oregon junior who was part of Team Bocce, “but also showed us that we do have what it takes to pull something like this off.”
And it hurts final products when journalists, uncomfortable as part of a team and/or uncertain about business concepts, shy away from opportunities to get involved.
At the UNT Hackathon, participants work in groups to complete a innovative project — in two days. (Photo: HATCH Visuals)
One thing about the final projects stood out to me: All of the teams had journalism students, but none of them found a way to actually pay the people who were going to write the stories, take the photos and design the platforms.
Team Skateboard, for instance, which I facilitated, had a terrific idea about creating a website that would cover sports from a female perspective, not as an add-on to a website or brand that was primarily concerned with covering male athletes. The students knew they couldn’t raise enough money to pay writers, so they decided to hire college students who wanted experience.
Does that business model sound familiar? Does it make you cringe? It did to me, but I didn’t even consider arguing against it — when you’ve got basically a day to do your pitch, this strategy made sense. It would have made sense, from a business perspective, in any time frame: People are expensive. (I did strongly suggest a well-paid professional editor to cope with the copy and photos.)
We need journalists themselves to be in the conversations about funding models and startup costs. We need them to be fluent enough in business principles that they can argue for paying actual journalists – and articulate the value of it.
Principles of Human-Centered Design
The Hackathon began with a talk from Retha Hill, executive director of the Digital Innovation and Entrepreneurship Lab at Arizona State University’s Cronkite School. She set the tone for the weekend by explaining human-centered design, and it was a great place to start for those of us who were journalists.
Here’s why: This strategic technique follows — for the most part — the way great journalists do their work, that is, interviewing people about how and why they do something, digging into their lives and asking why. Brainstorming ideas, not deliberating, but tossing them out. Narrowing the list. Selecting the best possible one.
What’s different is the way it starts: Select what Hill called a “pain point,” something that was difficult or problematic for people. She said it was important to not begin the process with your own idea: i.e., “I want to make an app that…” Rather, you need to ask questions that start, “How might we…”
This makes good business sense. And you know, it makes good journalism sense, too. Let’s not assume we know what the story is when we show up to report. Let’s listen to the people affected. Really listen. Let’s identify their pain points, not our editors’.
Not all of my journalism students are going to be entrepreneurs. And that’s OK, because they’ll surely be competing against one or consuming the content and stories produced by one. Or, as Maggie said, “These are the people who are hiring us, so it’s better to know what they’re looking for.”
After all these years, it turns out that my dad was right. Again.
Lori Shontz teaches reporting and sports media at the University of Oregon, where she also runs Writing Central, a peer coaching center in the School of Journalism and Communication. She moved into the classroom after nearly 25 years in the newsroom, much of it in the sports department. Follow her at @lshontz.